Which is the better solution of coastal erosion bringing toward sustainability development?

Muhammad Hafiz B. Yaacob & Nor Syuhada Binti Zulkefli

University Science of Malaysia

Abstract

Malaysia is a maritime nation blessed with invaluable coastlines. Hence it is important to preserve its precious coastal areas in a sustainable manner. However, coastal areas are continuously facing tremendous development pressures both from natural and manmade factors. Waves generated by storms, wind, or fast moving motor craft, cause coastal erosion. Coastal erosion is a natural process along the world’s coastlines that occurs through the actions of current and waves. Coastal erosion also is the wearing a way of land and the removal of beach by wave action, tidal current, wave currents, or drainage. Coastal erosion is a natural process that becomes a hazard or problem when it poses that threat to things the human’s value. How to address coastal erosion is a challenge for government and other agency because there have many alternative remedial measures. To protect coastal erosion, some areas need to build fortress to separate the beaches from the effects of the seas. For example Seawalls and revetments are built to protect the land behind them. Groins are rock, timber, concrete or metal pilings built perpendicular to the shore to reduce sediment transport and widen beaches. Besides that, the offshore breakwaters are offshore rock or concrete armor units are designed to reduce the wave energy before it reaches the beach.

        Nowadays, coastal protection strategies can be better planned under a shoreline management plan which takes into account the response of the neighbouring shoreline and its potential affect on economic activities, habitats and ecosystems. The importance of preserving natural coastal resources were realised on a global scale, efforts have been made to migrate from the conventional approach of hard engineering to soft engineering and eco-engineering especially in environmentally sensitive areas. The novelty of these solutions is their ability to sustain natural resources and even add-value to the coastline. This paper presents a description of some of the new innovative solutions with a focus on Malaysian experience, and discusses their strengths, limitations and related issues. There have many solution but we don’t know which the better solution are.

Its SNOWING in Mesir...

Salji turun kat mesir ? Mesir dilimpahi dengan salji ? Hadis Abu Hurairah : Tidak akan berlaku kiamat sehinggakan tanah Arab menjadi subur dan dialiri dengan sungai2 . , dan sungai tu lah tanda kiamat SUBHANALLAH... it's near to the end of the world,

turunnya salju di arab saudi ini bukan merupakan hal yang aneh, karena hal ini telah diterangkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW 1400 tahun yang lalu. Ketika para sahabat menanyakan kepada Rasulallah SAW mengenai kapan datangnya hari kiamat. Rasulallah SAW menjawab, bahwa pengetahuan mengenai datangnya hari kiamat hanya ada pada sisi Allah SWT. Tetapi Allah SWT telah memberitahukan tanda-tandanya kepada Rasulallah SAW, antara lain sebagaimana diterangkan dalam salah satu Hadist Rasulallh SAW:

"Hari Akhir tidak akan datang kepada kita sampai dataran Arab sekali lagi menjadi dataran berpadang rumput dan dipenuhi dengan sungai-sungai (HR Muslim)"

Dari Hadist Rasulallah SAW di atas ada beberapa informasi yang didapat:
1. Informasi datangnya hari akhir / kiamat;
2. Dahulu kala dataran / jazirah Arab pernah menjadi padang rumpur yang subur dan dipenuhi dengan sungai-sungai; dan
3. Nanti, dataran Arab sekalai lagi akan menjadi padang rumput dan dipenuhi dengan sungai-sungai, sebagai salah satu tanda datangnya hari kiamat.
~~~Ya Allah ,sungguh sedikit kami bersyukur atas kurniaan-Mu,ya Rabb.
Kami sering tersungkur,ya Bantulah kami mendidik hati ini, bimbinglah kami ke jalan yang benar. kau berikanlah kami masa untuk bertaubat kepadamu ya Allah . Amin ~~

GBI case study in KOMTOR by Associate Prof Madya Syarifah Fairus..

The achievement to be the GBI Platinum rating must fulfil six criteria as below: 

1) Energy Efficiency
2) Indoor Environment
3) Quality Sustainable 
4) Site Planning and management 
5) Material and Resource Water 
6) Efficiency Innovation

Project task that given to Associate Prof Madya Syarifah Fairus and her team to improve the GBI score of the KOMTAR Tower to certified as GBI rating Platinum (86 to 100 points).The challenges to improve the KOMTAR as a platinum level is much to respect the architect of KOMTAR and also his design. the modification of design should change this building concept and design should be avoid. It also should harmonise with the local climate, traditional, culture and the surrounding environment and able to sustain and improve the quality of human life with maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels. 

slide presentation our group..Coastal erosion protection

Dr.Normah...

Environmental protection is a practice to protecting the environment by the individual, organisation and government, for the benefit of the natural environment and humans.

Protection of the environment is needed from various human activities. Waste, pollution, loss of biodiversity, introduction of invasive species, release of genetically modified organisms and toxics are some of the issues relating to environmental protection

.

Governance & Sustainability

Governance & Sustainability       

Dr. Rahmat Azam Mustafa who taught us the concept of sustainability and its relationship with governance. An overview of my learning from the lecture is shared here. hope the readers will learn something too from it.

Every country in the world is planning for sustainable development policies for almost every sector including urban development, industrialization, food production, agricultural resources, waste management, building design etc. For successful and effective running of the today world, the governance of sustainable development policies is the limelight of implementation. what is governance and how it links with sustainability is very important to understand.  

Concept of Sustainability

 Sustainability is a theory based on retaining the current resources and life opportunities for furture generation. according to UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) , the sustainability theory should have the four main focuses: 1. Eliminating poverty, 2. Creating jobs and sustaining livelihoods, 3. Protecting and regenerating environment and 4. Promoting advancement of women.

 Three types of sustainability:

• Environmental sustainability (saving the environmental resources for future)
• Socio-political sustainability (ensuring the security of life in friendly living)
• Economic sustainability        ( creating opportunities for employment & investment)

Governance 

is to promoting , supporting and sustaining human development. It applies to especially to the poorest and most marginal people. based on exercising the economic, political and administrative authorities engaging in terms of mechanisms and institutions. with this approach, common citizens participate through expression of their interests, meeting of requirements and intervention of their differences.

A good governance is about ensuring participation, transparency and accountability. it basically comprises of three legs:

›Economic-decision making processes in country's economic activities 

›Political-the process of decision-making to formulate policy

›Administrative-policy implementation

Domains coming under Governance:

the main domains of concern regarding governance are:

• The state (Government or the leadership of country)

• The private sector ( The primary source of development & employment)

• The civil society     ( community of common people, citizens )

Summary:

Sustainable development in any sector is always driven by a country/state that governs well, a private sector that creates job and investment, and the civil society that ensure the participation of common people in social, economic and political activities.

universal design 

what is universal design?

Universal Design is the design and  composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability. 

Universal Design involves designing products and spaces so that they can be used by the widest range of people possible. Universal Design evolved from Accessible Design, a design process that addresses the needs of people with disabilities.

Designing any product or environment involves the consideration of many factors including aesthetics, engineering options, environmental issues, safety concerns, and cost. Often the design is created for the "average" user.

Making a product or service accessible to people with disabilities often benefits others. For example, When television displays in airports and restaurants were captioned, they would benefit people who cannot hear the audio because of a noisy environment as well as those who are deaf.

Universal design is vehicle for promoting social equality and justice, environmental sustainability, and human health and well-being. This is as not just design for equal use, but for unencumbered participation in everyday life, and in public life. This is design for democracy.

Universal Design makes things safer, easier and more convenient for everyone. By designing for this human diversity, we can create things that will be easier for all people to use.

Creative City 

A new concept in urban and city planning is being introduced to us by guest lecturer Khoo Suet Leng and it is "Creative City Concept".

Definition of creative city by Charles Landry (2008), the culture of creativity embedded in the way urban stakeholders operate, encourages the use of imagination within public, private and community spheres and also combination of hard and soft infrastructures. 

Coming with basics of creative city, it is the one and its kind of city  which has independent identity, uniqueness and self generating opportunity feature. It has its own identity and it is capable of using the hard infrastructure ( roads, bridges, buildings) and soft infrastructure ( arts, culture, man power) in a creative way. Creative entity is one which can generate on its own and is not dependent for some outsourcing.


This is the what the today worlds slogan: be creative. to make creative city and be creative, we should have creative people, creative space and also creative idea and product. 

Sustainable community or sustainable neighbourhood

Sustainability is mainly defined as “people continuing to want to live in the same community, both now and in the future” (Long and Hutchins, 2003). And it is achievable in situations where people continue to choose to live, work and carry on activities in the same common locality and community with fully occupied housing. 

Community is commonly cited as to “the place where people maintain their homes, earn their livings, rear their children and carry on most of their life activities” (Poplin, 1979). It further supported by Long and Hutchins (2003) that view community as “a grouping of up to several thousand households, whose occupants share common experiences and bonds derived from living in the same locality”. 
In summary, the community is described as persons or people living within the same geographical area, carrying on their social interactions and activities with one or more common ties and shared values.

Sustainable communities meet the diverse needs of existing and future residents, their children and other users, contribute to the high quality of life and provide opportunity and choice. They achieve this in ways that make effective use of natural resources, enhance the environment, promote social cohesion and inclusion and strengthen economic prosperity.

We have three principles of sustainable community..
1. economy 
2. social
3. environmental 

Sustainable communities are diverse, reflecting local circumstances, but sharing common characteristics and offer people with five strands of (ASC, 2007): 

• A decent home that they can afford 
• A community in which they want to live and work 
• The chance to develop their skills and interests 
• Access to jobs and excellent services, and 
• The change to get engaged in their community and to make a difference

before class (22 oct)
 Ms.Diana..she asked us to read article or journal about new techonology for urban design..

In the early 21st century, more people than ever before live in urban areas. Accelerating urban migration is one of the great challenges of our time and unchecked haphazard urbanization is a serious threat both to the environment and to social and economic balance. To meet global sustainability targets, rapid urban growth must be channelled into environmentally friendly, inclusive and livable urban environments. High quality urban design plays a key role in creating these sustainable cities.

sustainable urban design results from the creative and innovative merging of ecologic, economic, cultural and social aspects of sustainability into urban form. sustainable urban design also requires a thorough understanding of the social, cultural and ecological context. Sustainable urban design appreciates the importance of creating carefully designed, humane and inclusive urban environments.

The concept of sustainability continues to evolve. However, the core elements feature in most definitions is
• Sustainability is concerned about with the future and ability to maintain the certain values, assets or capabilities over the long term.
• Sustainability involves decisions that address the interaction between environmental, social and economic domains.
• Sustainability requires choices considering equity within society and across generations.

sustainable cities??

•  Rapid growing population will be settled largely in existing urban areas. Effective and timely strategic planning is needed to reduce the pressure on natural resources associated with the growth  of the urban areas and to ensure that infrastructure and services meet the needs of the population.
• Development patterns in our outer urban areas have resulted in increased car dependence and travelling times, and a lack of local job opportunities for residents. Residents in outer urban areas also have lower access to services, such as health care, compared to those living in inner urban areas.
• In population growth, our challenge is to create cities that are liveable, competitive, productive, equitable and environmentally sustainable. The stability of  cities, their functioning infrastructure, world-class amenities, education and healthcare, and low crime rates make them the envy of the world. 
• At the same time, Malaysia cities are lagging behind in some aspects of sustainability, particularly when it comes to energy consumption, car dependence and equity, with a stark and growing divide between the opportunities available to residents of the inner suburbs and those available to residents in outer urban areas.
• Cities have absorbed 60% of the population growth over the last 40 years. Our cities are home to a large and growing proportion of the population, with three quarters of Malaysians living in the nation’s major cities – those with over 100,000 people. 
• This growth has taken place within a relatively small area, as urban development and other intensive land uses occupied only 0.4% of  total land area.
• Cities are key contributors to the productivity, liveability and sustainability of society as they are home to a wide variety of services and the source of major cultural, social, economic and educational opportunities. Cities generate around 80% of our gross domestic product and employed 75% of workforce. 

Alam sekitar meupakan segala elemen yang berada di sekeliling kita..Alam sekitar menawar dan menyediakan tapak, sumber dan bahan semula jadi kepada manusia bagi membolehkan mereka meneruskan kelangsungan hidup di muka bumi ini.

Manusia dianggap sebagai agen yang mengubah alam sekitar dan perubahan ini dilakukan demi memastikan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Aktiviti manusia telah memberikan kesan yang sangat ketara terhadap alam sekitar. Manusia telah menggunakan alam sekitar sehingga mengubah keseimbangan dan kestabilan ekologi. Manusia menjadi lalai untuk menjaga kualiti alam sekitar kerana begitu mementingkan pembangunan. Perkara ini didorong oleh sifat semula jadi manusia yang rakus, tamak dan mementingkan diri sendiri dalam usaha mereka memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak yang tidak terbatas menyebabkan mereka seolah-olah luapa menghargai dan memelihara alam sekitar dengan sewajarnya hingga menimbulkan tekanan kepada alam sekitar yang akhirnya memudaratkan manusia kembali. 

inilah yang dikatakan kitaran hidup...alam sekitar menawarkan sumber..manusia membuat pembangunan ..alam sekitar tertekan..kembali semula kepada manusia terjejas...

one of type of smart cities...urban smart cities

1. strong increase of population for emerging country, acceleration of house development/ retrofitting..

                                                       global population estimation...
a. global population in 2050 is 9.2 bil
b. by 2020, 50% of world population will live in urban city of a emerging country..

type of development..

a, emerging country such as Mumbai, Delhi, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur will become new city planning..

b. Developed country such as Singapora, Tokyo, Shanghai become compact city or retrofitting...

how about gated community scheme in the future??

There are many pro and con views about the implementation of gated community scheme in Malaysia..I generally agreed with this scheme (for short period only) to enhance the security level in housing schemes..For future, when the malaysian community totally establish, the community watch or neighbourhood (rebrand of rukun tetangga) I think more relevant and we can remove unnecessary perimeter fencing and guard house in our housing scheme...

will be continue...

If sustainable development only focus on the future..does that mean we can lose out everything now???

But for me..is no need to lose out everything..sustainable development is about the finding the better solution of doing something for our future generation and also the present...need change our live, work, expanses, doesn't mean that our quality of life should be reduced...

Members: Nor Syuhada P-RM0084/13

                  : Mohammad Hafiz Yaacob P-RM0062/13  

      

Title:  what is the better solution of coastal erosion bringing toward sustainability development.

Introduction

Waves generated by storms, wind, or fast moving motor craft, cause coastal erosion. Coastal erosion is a natural process along the world’s coastlines that occurs through the actions of current and waves. Coastal erosion also is the wearing a way of land and the removal of beach by wave action, tidal current, wave currents, or drainage. Coastal erosion is a natural process that becomes a hazard or problem when it poses that threat to things the human’s value. How to address coastal erosion is a challenge for government and other agency because there have many alternative remedial measures. To protect coastal erosion, some areas need to build fortress to separate the beaches from the effects of the seas. For example Seawalls and revetments are built to protect the land behind them. Groins are rock, timber, concrete or metal pilings built perpendicular to the shore to reduce sediment transport and widen beaches. Besides that, the offshore breakwaters are offshore rock or concrete armor units are designed to reduce the wave energy before it reaches the beach. There have many solution but we don’t know which the better solution are.

Problem statement

According the Sinar Harian newspaper (2 Mei 2012), Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) are urged to immediately build concrete stone embankment to prevent further erosion of the sea waves occur in coastal at Jawa village. According to them, it is urgent because of erosion that occurred more damaging the structural condition of the coast, especially during the monsoon season and tide phenomenon. So, the construction of build concrete stone is the one of way the better solution to apply as sustainable development?

According to coastal scientist Professor Andrew Short, Australian coast lines rarely need protecting; rather it is the man-made seawalls, groynes and breakwaters that actually create the damage as they harden the coastline and interfere with the natural movement of sand. So, coastal erosion are man-made or naturally problems?

Objective

1.       To identify the type of coastal erosion.

2.       To understand the coastal erosion issue.

3.       To identify the factors and ways that determine how best to achieve positive environmental outcomes which preserve the natural character of the coast.

References

1.       http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/coastal_erosion.htm

2.       http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/hakisan-ombak-semakin-serius-1.44708

       https://www.audit.gov.my/docs/BM/8Media/1Liputan%20Media/2Utusan%20Malaysia/2009/UM26.2.2009-4.3.2009.pdf

4.      http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ag127e/ag127e09.htm

Sustainable development is about finding the better ways to doing somethings, whether  for the future or the present. We need to change the way we work and live now, but it doesn't mean we need to reduced our quality of life. 

sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of our future generations to meet their own needs. It also all about making positive and progressive growth for our generations and the future. 

sustainable development can be interpret in many different ways such as awareness of the environmental, social and economic. We need to balance this thing too achieve sustainability.